Version: Next

CSRF

The CSRF middleware protects against Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks by validating tokens on unsafe HTTP methods such as POST, PUT, and DELETE. It responds with 403 Forbidden when validation fails.

Quick Start
Best Practices & Production Requirements
Configuration by Application Type
Recipes for Common Use Cases
Using CSRF Tokens
Security Model
Token Extractors
Advanced Configuration
API Reference
Config Properties
Error Types
Constants

Quick Start

import (
    "github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3"
    "github.com/gofiber/fiber/v3/middleware/csrf"
)

// Default config (development only)
app.Use(csrf.New())

// Production config
app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    CookieName:        "__Host-csrf_",
    CookieSecure:      true,
    CookieHTTPOnly:    true,  // false for SPAs
    CookieSameSite:    "Lax",
    CookieSessionOnly: true,
    Extractor:         csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token"),
    Session:           sessionStore,
}))

Best Practices & Production Requirements

Production Requirements

CookieSecure: true (HTTPS only)
CookieSameSite: "Lax" or "Strict"
Use Session store for better security

Always use HTTPS in production
Use sessions for authenticated applications
Set CookieSecure: true and appropriate SameSite values
Implement XSS protection alongside CSRF
Regenerate tokens after auth changes
Use __Host- cookie prefix when possible

BREACH Protection

To mitigate BREACH attacks, ensure your pages are served over HTTPS, disable HTTP compression, and implement rate limiting for requests. The CSRF token is sent as a header on every request, so if you include the token in a page that is vulnerable to BREACH, an attacker may be able to extract the token.

Configuration by Application Type

Server-Side Rendered Apps

app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    CookieName:        "__Host-csrf_",
    CookieSecure:      true,
    CookieHTTPOnly:    true,        // Secure - blocks JavaScript
    CookieSameSite:    "Lax",
    CookieSessionOnly: true,
    Extractor:         csrf.FromForm("_csrf"),
    Session:           sessionStore,
}))

Single Page Applications (SPAs)

app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    CookieName:        "__Host-csrf_",
    CookieSecure:      true,
    CookieHTTPOnly:    false,       // Required for JavaScript access to tokens
    CookieSameSite:    "Lax",
    CookieSessionOnly: true,
    Extractor:         csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token"),
    Session:           sessionStore,
}))

SPA Security Trade-off

SPAs require CookieHTTPOnly: false to access tokens via JavaScript. This slightly increases XSS risk but is necessary for SPA functionality.

Recipes for Common Use Cases

Without Sessions: CSRF Recipe - Simple Double Submit Cookie pattern
With Sessions: CSRF with Session Recipe - More secure Synchronizer Token pattern

Using CSRF Tokens

Server-Side Forms

func formHandler(c fiber.Ctx) error {
    token := csrf.TokenFromContext(c)
    
    return c.SendString(fmt.Sprintf(`
        <form method="POST" action="/submit">
            <input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="%s">
            <input type="text" name="message" required>
            <button type="submit">Submit</button>
        </form>
    `, token))
}

Single Page Applications

func apiHandler(c fiber.Ctx) error {
    token := csrf.TokenFromContext(c)
    
    return c.JSON(fiber.Map{
        "csrf_token": token,
        "data":       "your data",
    })
}

// Get CSRF token from cookie
function getCsrfToken() {
    const value = `; ${document.cookie}`;
    const parts = value.split(`; __Host-csrf_=`);
    if (parts.length === 2) return parts.pop().split(';').shift();
}

// Use with fetch API
async function makeRequest(url, data) {
    const csrfToken = getCsrfToken();
    
    const response = await fetch(url, {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            'X-Csrf-Token': csrfToken
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(data)
    });
    
    if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}: ${response.statusText}`);
    }
    
    return response.json();
}

Security Model

The middleware employs a robust, defense-in-depth strategy to protect against CSRF attacks. The primary defense is token-based validation, which operates in one of two modes depending on your configuration. This is supplemented by a mandatory secondary check on the request's origin.

1. Token Validation Patterns

This is the default pattern, used when a Session store is not configured. It is a "semi-stateless" approach; while it doesn't tie tokens to a specific user session, the server still maintains a record of all validly issued tokens.

How it Works:
1. On a user's first visit (or a safe request like GET), the middleware generates a unique token.
2. This token is sent to the client in a Set-Cookie header.
3. The server also stores this token (in memory by default or in the configured Storage). It confirms the token is server-generated and still valid, but it is not tied to a specific user.
4. For subsequent unsafe requests (e.g., POST, PUT), the client must read the token from the cookie and echo it in a different location, such as the X-Csrf-Token header.
Validation: The middleware validates three things: that the token from the header/form exactly matches the token from the cookie, that the token exists in the server-side storage, and that it has not expired.
Why it is secure: Attackers on a malicious domain cannot read the victim's cookie to forge a matching header. They also cannot invent a token because it wouldn't exist in the server's storage registry.

Synchronizer Token (Session-Based Mode)

This is a more secure, stateful pattern that is automatically enabled when you provide a Session store in the configuration.

How it Works:
1. A unique token is generated and stored directly within the user's session data on the server.
2. The token is also sent to the client as a cookie.
3. For unsafe requests, the client sends the token back in a header or form field.
Validation: The middleware performs a multi-step validation:
1. It first performs the standard Double Submit Cookie check: the token from the header/form must exactly match the token from the cookie. This is a fast and efficient first line of defense, and there is little benefit of skipping it.
2. It then validates that this token exists and is valid within the user's server-side session. This is the authoritative check that ties the token to the authenticated user.
Why it is more secure: Tying the token to the server-side session provides the strongest CSRF protection, as the token is then guaranteed to have been generated for the specific user. While browsers automatically send the required cookie, custom API clients must remember to include the cookie with their requests for validation to succeed.

// Enable the more secure Synchronizer Token pattern
app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    Session: sessionStore, // Providing a session store activates this mode
}))

2. Origin & Referer Validation

As a crucial second layer of defense, the middleware always performs Origin and Referer header checks for unsafe requests (when the connection is HTTPS).

The request's Origin (for cross-origin requests) or Referer (for same-origin requests) header must match the application's Host header or be explicitly allowed in the TrustedOrigins list.
This check is performed in addition to token validation and provides strong protection because these headers are reliably set by browsers and cannot be programmatically controlled by an attacker from a malicious site.

Token Extractors

Built-in Extractors

Most Secure (Recommended):

csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token") - Headers are not logged and cannot be manipulated via URL
csrf.FromForm("_csrf") - Form data is secure and not typically logged

Less Secure (Use with caution):

csrf.FromQuery("csrf_token") - URLs may be logged by servers, proxies, browsers
csrf.FromParam("csrf") - URLs may be logged by servers, proxies, browsers

Advanced:

csrf.Chain(...) - Try multiple extractors in sequence

What about cookies?

Cookies are generally not a secure source for CSRF tokens. The middleware does not provide a built-in cookie extractor because reading the CSRF token from a cookie with the same name as the CSRF cookie defeats CSRF protection.

Advanced usage:
In rare cases, you may securely extract a CSRF token from a cookie if:

You read from a different cookie (not the CSRF cookie itself)
You use multiple cookies for custom validation
You implement custom logic across different cookie sources

If you do this, set the extractor’s Source to SourceCookie and allow the middleware to check that the cookie name is different from your CSRF cookie. It will panic if this is the case.

Warning:
We strongly discourage cookie-based extraction, as it is easy to misconfigure and creates security risks. Prefer extracting tokens from headers or form fields for robust CSRF protection.

Extractor Metadata

Each extractor returns an Extractor struct with metadata about its behavior:

extractor := csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token")
fmt.Printf("Source: %v, Key: %s", extractor.Source, extractor.Key)
// Output: Source: 0, Key: X-Csrf-Token

// Available source types:
// - csrf.SourceHeader (0): Most secure, not logged
// - csrf.SourceForm (1): Secure, not typically logged  
// - csrf.SourceQuery (2): Less secure, URLs may be logged
// - csrf.SourceParam (3): Less secure, URLs may be logged
// - csrf.SourceCookie (4): Not recommended for CSRF, no built-in extractor for this source
// - csrf.SourceCustom (5): Security depends on implementation

// Check source type
if extractor.Source == csrf.SourceHeader {
    fmt.Println("Using secure header extraction")
}

Using Route-Specific Extractors

There are cases where you might want to use different extractors for different routes:

// API routes - header only
api := app.Group("/api")
api.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    Extractor: csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token"),
}))

// Form routes - form only  
forms := app.Group("/forms")
forms.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    Extractor: csrf.FromForm("_csrf"),
}))

Custom Extractor

You can create a custom extractor to handle specific cases by creating an Extractor struct:

Never Extract from Cookies

NEVER create custom extractors that read from cookies using the same CookieName as your CSRF configuration. This completely defeats CSRF protection by making the extracted token always match the cookie value, allowing any CSRF attack to succeed.

// ❌ NEVER DO THIS - Completely defeats CSRF protection
badExtractor := csrf.Extractor{
    Extract: func(c fiber.Ctx) (string, error) {
        return c.Cookies("csrf_"), nil  // Always passes validation!
    },
    Source: csrf.SourceCustom,
    Key:    "csrf_",
}

// ✅ DO THIS - Extract from different source than cookie
app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    CookieName: "csrf_",
    Extractor: csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token"), // Header vs cookie comparison
}))

The middleware uses the Double Submit Cookie pattern - it compares the extracted token against the cookie value. If your extractor reads from the same cookie, they will always match and provide zero CSRF protection.

Bearer Token Embedding

// Extract CSRF token embedded in JWT Authorization header
// Useful for APIs that combine JWT auth with CSRF protection
func BearerTokenExtractor() csrf.Extractor {
    return csrf.Extractor{
        Extract: func(c fiber.Ctx) (string, error) {
            // Extract from "Authorization: Bearer <jwt>:<csrf>"
            auth := c.Get("Authorization")
            if !strings.HasPrefix(auth, "Bearer ") {
                return "", csrf.ErrTokenNotFound
            }
            
            parts := strings.SplitN(strings.TrimPrefix(auth, "Bearer "), ":", 2)
            if len(parts) != 2 || parts[1] == "" {
                return "", csrf.ErrTokenNotFound
            }
            
            return parts[1], nil
        },
        Source: csrf.SourceCustom,
        Key:    "Authorization",
    }
}

// Usage
app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    Extractor: BearerTokenExtractor(),
}))

Custom JSON Body Extractor

// Extract CSRF token from JSON request body
// Useful for APIs that need token in request payload
func JSONBodyExtractor(field string) csrf.Extractor {
    return csrf.Extractor{
        Extract: func(c fiber.Ctx) (string, error) {
            var body map[string]interface{}
            if err := c.BodyParser(&body); err != nil {
                return "", csrf.ErrTokenNotFound
            }
            
            token, ok := body[field].(string)
            if !ok || token == "" {
                return "", csrf.ErrTokenNotFound
            }
            
            return token, nil
        },
        Source: csrf.SourceCustom,
        Key:    field,
    }
}

// Usage
app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    Extractor: JSONBodyExtractor("csrf_token"),
}))

Chain Extractor (Advanced)

For specific cases requiring fallback behavior:

// Try header first, fallback to form
app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    Extractor: csrf.Chain(
        csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token"),
        csrf.FromForm("_csrf"),
    ),
}))

// Check chain metadata
chained := csrf.Chain(
    csrf.FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token"),
    csrf.FromForm("_csrf"),
)
fmt.Printf("Primary source: %v, Chain length: %d", chained.Source, len(chained.Chain))
// Output: Primary source: 0, Chain length: 2

Security Risk

Chaining extractors increases attack surface and complexity. Most applications should use a single, appropriate extractor for their use case.

Advanced Configuration

Trusted Origins

app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    TrustedOrigins: []string{
        "https://trusted.example.com",
        "https://*.example.com", // Wildcard subdomains
    },
}))

Custom Error Handler

app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    ErrorHandler: func(c fiber.Ctx, err error) error {
        accepts := c.Accepts("html", "json")
        path := c.Path()
        if accepts == "json" || strings.HasPrefix(path, "/api/") {
            return c.Status(fiber.StatusForbidden).JSON(fiber.Map{
                "error": "Forbidden",
            })
        }
        return c.Status(fiber.StatusForbidden).Render("error", fiber.Map{
            "Title": "Forbidden",
            "Status": fiber.StatusForbidden,
        }, "layouts/main")
    },
}))

Custom Storage/Database

You can use any storage from our storage package.

storage := sqlite3.New() // From github.com/gofiber/storage/sqlite3
app.Use(csrf.New(csrf.Config{
    Storage: storage,
}))

Token Management

// Delete token (e.g., on logout)
handler := csrf.HandlerFromContext(c)
if handler != nil {
    if err := handler.DeleteToken(c); err != nil {
        // handle error, e.g. log it
    }
}

// With session middleware
session.Destroy()  // Also deletes CSRF token

API Reference

// Create middleware
func New(config ...csrf.Config) fiber.Handler

// Get token from context
func TokenFromContext(c fiber.Ctx) string

// Get handler from context
func HandlerFromContext(c fiber.Ctx) *csrf.Handler

// Delete token
func (h *csrf.Handler) DeleteToken(c fiber.Ctx) error

Config Properties

Property	Type	Description	Default
Next	`func(fiber.Ctx) bool`	Skip middleware when returns true	`nil`
CookieName	`string`	CSRF cookie name	`"csrf_"`
CookieDomain	`string`	CSRF cookie domain	`""`
CookiePath	`string`	CSRF cookie path	`""`
CookieSecure	`bool`	HTTPS only cookie (required for production)	`false`
CookieHTTPOnly	`bool`	Prevent JavaScript access (use `false` for SPAs)	`false`
CookieSameSite	`string`	SameSite attribute (use "Lax" or "Strict")	`"Lax"`
CookieSessionOnly	`bool`	Session-only cookie (expires on browser close)	`false`
IdleTimeout	`time.Duration`	Token expiration time	`30 * time.Minute`
KeyGenerator	`func() string`	Token generation function	`utils.UUIDv4`
ErrorHandler	`fiber.ErrorHandler`	Custom error handler	`defaultErrorHandler`
Extractor	`csrf.Extractor`	Token extraction method with metadata	`FromHeader("X-Csrf-Token")`
Session	`*session.Store`	Session store (recommended for production)	`nil`
Storage	`fiber.Storage`	Token storage (overridden by Session)	`nil`
TrustedOrigins	`[]string`	Trusted origins for cross-origin requests	`[]`
SingleUseToken	`bool`	Generate new token after each use	`false`

Error Types

var (
    ErrTokenNotFound   = errors.New("csrf: token not found")
    ErrTokenInvalid    = errors.New("csrf: token invalid")
    ErrRefererNotFound = errors.New("csrf: referer header missing")
    ErrRefererInvalid  = errors.New("csrf: referer header invalid")
    ErrRefererNoMatch  = errors.New("csrf: referer does not match host or trusted origins")
    ErrOriginInvalid   = errors.New("csrf: origin header invalid")
    ErrOriginNoMatch   = errors.New("csrf: origin does not match host or trusted origins")
)

Constants

const (
    HeaderName = "X-Csrf-Token"
)

// Source types for extractor metadata
const (
    SourceHeader Source = iota  // 0 - Most secure
    SourceForm                  // 1 - Secure
    SourceQuery                 // 2 - Less secure
    SourceParam                 // 3 - Less secure  
    SourceCookie                // 4 - Not recommended for CSRF, no built-in extractor for this source
    SourceCustom                // 5 - Security depends on implementation
)

Table of Contents​

Quick Start​

Best Practices & Production Requirements​

Configuration by Application Type​

Server-Side Rendered Apps​

Single Page Applications (SPAs)​

Recipes for Common Use Cases​

Using CSRF Tokens​

Server-Side Forms​

Single Page Applications​

Security Model​

1. Token Validation Patterns​

Double Submit Cookie (Default Mode)​

Synchronizer Token (Session-Based Mode)​

2. Origin & Referer Validation​

Token Extractors​

Built-in Extractors​

Extractor Metadata​

Using Route-Specific Extractors​

Custom Extractor​

Bearer Token Embedding​

Custom JSON Body Extractor​

Chain Extractor (Advanced)​

Advanced Configuration​

Trusted Origins​

Custom Error Handler​

Custom Storage/Database​

Token Management​

API Reference​

Config Properties​

Error Types​

Constants​

Table of Contents